Daily Economic Update: February 19, 2025

Yields rose and stocks found a way to set a new record high.  The S&P finished at 6,129, despite Meta snapping its winning streak.  The 2Y ended the day at 4.31% and the 10Y reclaimed 4.50, now yielding 4.56%.

There was little in the way of tangible data, but home builder sentiment fell as tariff concerns on the cost side.

Gold hit new record highs at 2,934. Gold was also in the news as Elon toys with the idea of auditing Fort Knox at the urging of Rand Paul.

I’d write more, but I gave you a decent amount yesterday, did you read it all?  If so and you’re bored, use the search function and search for something like “uncertainty”.

On the day ahead we get new housing starts, FOMC Minutes and the 20Y auction.

XTOD: Pershing Square has submitted a proposal to Howard Hughes Holdings (NYSE: HHH) http://howardhughes.com to acquire 10 million newly issued shares of the company at $90 per share.  When combined with the 18.9 million shares that are currently held by the Pershing Square Funds, we will own 48% of the company.   If the transaction goes forward, I will become Chairman and CEO, Ryan Israel, CIO, and Ben Hakim President, and we will make available the full resources of Pershing Square to HHH to build a diversified holding company, or one could say, a modern-day Berkshire Hathaway.  

The new HHH will acquire controlling interests in private and public companies that meet Pershing Square's criteria for business quality.  HHH's principal subsidiary, Howard Hughes Corporation, led by David O'Reilly CEO, will continue on its mission and strategic plan to develop, grow, and own small 'cities,' or master planned communities. HHH's major holdings include the Woodlands in Houston, Summerlin in Las Vegas, Teravalis in Phoenix, and a 60-acre condominium development project on Waikiki Beach in Hawaii called Ward Village. 

Owning small and growing MPCs that will eventually become large cities in the best pro-business markets in the country is a great long-term business.  It's a lot better than a dying textile company.  You can learn the details about the transaction here: https://businesswire.com/news/home/20250218932320/en/Pershing-Square-Announces-Revised-Proposal-to-Howard-Hughes-Holdings  We look forward to sharing more about the story tomorrow at 9am EST.  The presentation will stream live from my X account 

@BillAckman

XTOD: Bill, why are you asking to get paid 1.5% of HHH's mkt cap every year? This is obviously not the way Buffett does it.

XTOD: "why shouldn't I charge a fee on market cap and call myself the next Warren Buffett?"

XTOD: Worth noting that all the recent news over plane crashes is probably just the result of attention bias Plane crashes are still on a downward trend  https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GkFizhBWEAA745U?format=png&name=small

XTOD: Three questions determine 99% of the happiness in your life:

1. What am I working on and why? 

2. Who am I spending time with and why?

3. How well am I treating my body and why? 

Everything else is noise.

.

https://x.com/BillAckman/status/1891957378603491339

https://x.com/Seawolfcap/status/1891960752027627890

https://x.com/FrederikNeckar/status/1891985556449460422

https://x.com/IAmMarkManson/status/1891851918575599955

Daily Economic Update: September 13, 2023

$29 dongles, an attempt to impeach Biden, MGM casino cyber attack, covid, UK GDP contracting, but it's CPI that is in focus today. At the last FOMC meeting, the Fed had identified five pieces of economic data that would inform their upcoming decision, those were: the Employment Cost Index back on July 28, the two Jobs reports (8/4 and 9/1) and the two CPI reports (8/10 and today's upcoming report), most commentators and the market believe those reports, which have shown some slowing in labor data and cooling inflation, will likely leave the Fed on pause next week (CME FedWatch has probability of a pause at 93%), but we'll see what happens with today's CPI.   To start the day, the 2Y is up 3bps to 5.03% and the 10Y is higher by 3-4bps to 4.31%.   On the cap we get CPI and the 30Y Bond Auction.  If you're looking for bank forecast for the inflation read you can find them here.

If you missed it yesterday, Howard Mark's put out his most recent memo. As is typical of Howard's memo's, it's worth a read.  He spends some time using tennis as an analogy, harkening back to Charlie Ellis' classic "The Loser's Game" in which Ellis argues that argues that lay investors have the best chance of success in investing in the stock market by avoiding costly mistakes, minimizing cost and focusing on asset allocation and passive investing.  Mark's states: "The amateur doesn’t have to hit winners to win, and that’s a good thing, because he or she generally is incapable of doing so dependably."

As we look ahead today's inflation reading, it's always "fun" to reflect on inflation, so here's a few gem's from Irving Fisher's classic "The Money Illusion":

• "Money Illusion"; that is the failure to perceive that the dollar, or any other unit of money, expands or shrinks in value.
• "As long as a dollar is not safe, any agreement to pay a dollar is not safe. However certain it may be that you are going to get the promised dollar, it is not at all sure what the dollar is going to be worth when you get it."
  
• "In short if more money pays for the same goods their price must rise, just as if more butter is spread over the same slice of bread it must be spread thicker, the thickness represents the price level, the bread the quantity of goods."
• "..the only important fact, in so far as the price level is concerned, is the relation between these two circulations [money and goods]...if the circulation of money increases relatively to the circulation of goods, the price level will rise. If, on the contrary, it decreases relatively, the price level will fall; that is, whether the butter is thick or thin depends on whether there is much or little butter relative to the bread."
• "War has always been by far the greatest expander of paper money and credit, and therefore the cause of the greatest price upheavals in history."
• "[Inflation] It would, indeed, be of no importance if everybody's income were adjusted to the change in prices. But this is not and cannot be the case...a change in the money yardstick, the dollar, is far more serious, and for three reasons:
• it affects all sales
• it is used for long-term contracts...we are constantly contracting to pay present dollars for future dollars...it makes tremendous difference, for instance, to a bond holder.
• these disasterous effects are not perceived because of money illusion
• "when your house is burglarized, society is none the poorer..that would be cold comfort to you..in somewhat the same sense this burglarizing dollar is defrauding people...it is social injustice."
• "while inflation is going on, the general public finds it hard to admit that there can be too much money....After rapid inflation once starts, the clamor for more money often grows louder and louder."
• "When prices are rising wages and salaries are, as it were, running after a lost train."
• "Business is always injured by uncertainty. Uncertainty paralyzes effort, and uncertainty in the purchasing power of the dollar is the worst of all business uncertainties."
  
• "As inflation goes on, the workers continually grow more dissatisfied and attribute their plight to an intentional plundering by a social system of exploitation." "Out of such discontent, therefore came Bolshevism and other radical theories."
  
• "worst examples of inflation have come from unbalanced government budgets. As we have seen, when a government cannot make both ends meet, it pays its bills by manufacturing the money needed."

XTOD: A picture of inflation as a tax on the average family: https://bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-09-12/us-inflation-adjusted-incomes-fell-2-3-in-2022-from-prior-year?srnd=undefined#xj4y7vzkg

XTOD: Every Twitter economist is saying the same brain dead, out of touch thing…“Why are the American people so negative on the economy? GDP is up!”  Maybe because they just watched their purchasing power be annihilated by generational inflation, real household incomes have fallen for 3 years in a row and wealth inequality continues to expand. All while their tax dollars are being wasted and/or sent overseas.  GDP doesn’t come up at the kitchen table for normal Americans you clowns.
“Honey… the credit card bill is due and we don’t have enough to cover it this month. Our groceries have doubled and student loans are restarting soon. There’s also a possibility of layoffs coming at work.”  “Oh don’t worry about that. GDP is trending stronger than expected!”

XTOD: Today we broke the record for the longest streak of trading days (210) with an inverted 10yr/3mth yield curve.  What that means, you be the judge...

XTOD: "We don't have enough Americans to afford what is going on out there right now."  Housing Market Set For A "Cat 5" Storm, Worse Than The Great Financial Crisis.

XTOD: Let me make one thing clear on  @IRSnews  ERC.  Small business owners who qualified rightly claimed this. GOOD. Law was designed FOR THEM.  Years later, most new claimants are being SOLD the ERC for 25-30% commission. Most new claims are fraud.  Danny Werfel knows it. Good for him!

XTOD: Don't believe me? Since 1983, whenever entitlement spending pushed deficits too high, Congress responded by cutting defense and social spending (education, veterans, kids), and raising middle-class taxes. And it will get much worse.

XTOD: A CDC advisory panel met to come up with a recommendation on whether updated COVID shots approved by the government should be used broadly or targeted to specific at-risk populations, setting the stage for the launch of a re-vaccination campaign

XTOD: Government: "OK so there's a pandemic, but don't worry we're going to let you not make payments for 3 years." 
Borrowers: "OK cool, I'm going to buy a house with that money." 
G: "Wait no, that's not what we said..."
B: "OK I also bought a new car"
G: "Wait stop, that's not how this works."
B: "We're in Europe on vacation, AirBnB does Klarna now."
G: "......"

Daily Economic Update: September 13, 2024

ECB cut their deposit rate by 25bps as expected to 3.50% while also cutting their growth forecast through 2026 and showing somewhat sticky inflation in their forecast, noting base effects.  There were also 60bp cuts to the main refinancing rate and marginal lending rate in what was viewed as a technical change necessary to reduce the premium banks pay to borrow relative to what they earn on deposits at the ECB.  Markets are pricing in a possible pause at their next meeting. 

Stateside PPI showed higher core PPI than expected and inital claims were relatively benign.  Yields rose a little more and stocks continued to rally.  The 2Y is 3.66% and the 10Y is 3.69%

Also making the news was that Berkshire Hathaway's Vice Chair Ajit Jain sold half his stake in the company, which of course leads to a ton of speculation as to why?

As I probably remind readers every few weeks, following day to day data is largely a waste of time because the shelf life on this data is so short, it's immediately replaced by the next most important thing (like next week's retail sales) and we frequently fall for noise and completely miss the signal.  We also fail to develop any good filters.  What information do you actually need to better determine if your investment or decision will help reach your goals for it over the horizon.  If you don't know what's important, the qualitative, you can get trapped in the noise.

I posted this back on January 17, 2023:

"providing you with a stream of data and opinion is a business, a business predicated on a demand by investors (including speculators) to be told by someone else what to do (credit to Ben Graham's writing for this phrase).  The incentives are such that adding noise, complexity and a constant pressure to do something is part of the business. 

Morgan Hounsel wrote about this in a blog post Trying Too Hard in which he tells the story of Jon Stewart interviewing CNBC's Jim Cramer:  "Years ago Jon Stewart interviewed Jim Cramer. When pressed on CNBC content that ranged from contradictory to inane, Cramer said, “Look, we’ve got 17 hours of live TV a day to do.” Stewart responded, “Maybe you can cut down on that.” He’s right. But if you’re in the TV business, you can’t."

Anyway, enjoy your Friday and the UofM sentiment.  Listen to Howard Mark's in XTOD below.

XTOD: One of the most interesting things the PPI tracks that the CPI doesn't is retail markups. Retail markup growth has slowed considerably & this has been a contributor to disinflation. In August in particular, growth in grocery markups fell to 0.7% YY, the slowest in 3 years.

XTOD: A masterclass by Howard Marks on how to think about risk.

https://youtu.be/WXQBUSryfdM?si=rmI9woorI_QpTrWq

XTOD: "Great leaders have streak of unorthodoxy. They’re creative innovators.” https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GO6pO3EXUAAZBBm?format=jpg&name=medium

XTOD: Most people wait too long to go into action, generally out of fear.  They want more money or better circumstances.   You must go the opposite direction and move before you think you are ready.

XTOD: Intelligence without courage leads to anxiety because you will spend your time overthinking instead of acting, taking risks, improving your life.

XTOD: When there is an opportunity, I do not hit. It hits all by itself.

Daily Economic Update: November 21, 2024

Why does it take so long to count votes in Cali?   The G20 wrapped up and to the best of what I read, didn't seem like there were too many major takeaways other than the usual dysfunction.

10Y remains range bound around 4.40% and the 2Y in much the same boat around 4.30%.  There doesn't seem to be an imminent catalyst that will cause a break out in either direction, though perhaps an escalation in Ukraine in the Middle East or a surprise Treasury Secretary pick could be such a catalyst in the near term.

High mortage rates, higher gas prices and rising inflation in the UK were all in the picture.  Stocks fell into Nvidia earnings.  The Hawk Tuah Girl thanked Michael Saylor for getting her into crypto, to which responses generally are in the realm of "emergency 100bp intra Fed meeting rate hike needed", and "has there ever been a sentiment signpost as big as this?".

After the bell Nvidia earnings beat estimates, but shares traded lower as of the time of this writing on what was characterized as disappointing guidance, whatever that means in the context of that stock.

In other news you likely missed, the Treasury Office of Financial Research put out it's 2024 Annual Report on Financial Vulnerabilities, you can read the full 111 pages here.  In full disclosure I did not read everything in the report, but some of the high level takeaways are that: 

• CRE credit remains a risk, specifically office and particularly at smaller banks
• Asset valuations are likely streched and the use of leverage and complex strategies is elevated
• Runs on money-like instruments are always a risk, including risks associated with stablecoins
• The debt ceiling poses risks as do basis trades in the Treasury market
• There are still areas where data is limited, such as Private Credit and other non-bank financial areas that could pose risks
• Technology comes with risks, including cyberattacks

Some quotes you can use if you want to impress your relatives with your financial market knowledge over Thanksgiving:

" Equity valuations and investor sentiment are high relative to historical averages, raising the risk of large, sudden price declines. In Treasury markets, the design of the U.S. debt ceiling is a major vulnerability. Exposures to some complex and opaque trading strategies are high"

" The increasing interconnectedness of digital assets with the traditional financial system is an emerging vulnerability."

" The cyclically adjusted price-to-earnings (CAPE) ratio for the S&P 500, for example, is 36 and in the 98th percentile of historical values"

" Trading liquidity in the Treasury market can become stressed in other circumstances as well. One potential source of stress is an abrupt unwinding of the Treasury cash-futures basis trade."

" The spreads on investment-grade and high-yield bonds are low by historical standards"

" about half as many employees are physically working in the office compared with before the COVID-19 pandemic"

" OFR researchers find that while PoS saves energy and provides for greater scalability of a crypto asset, it may be unstable because a significant drop in the crypto asset’s price may cause validators to exit their investments"

" The number of transactions occurring outside of the traditional exchange system, or off-exchange, is substantial"

" Nonfinancial corporate business debt contributed to financial instability at least three times during the past 40 years: 1989-91, 2000- 02, and 2007-09.17 Each episode featured a mix of unusually high borrower default rates and constraints on weaker firms’ ability to issue or renew debt. Often, the two interact and form a debt-default spiral. "

" The price of insurance, where insurance is available, is rising rapidly, especially in areas experiencing adverse climate events." "The researchers estimate that the average homeowner stands to lose approximately $11,000, or 4% of their home value and 34% of their home equity at the time of home purchase if prices change to reflect climate risk"

" The 2024 cyberattack on Change Healthcare (Change) illustrates how a cyber event that disrupts the business sector can transmit stress to the financial system."

" Since the 2023 banking turmoil, banks have increasingly used reciprocal deposits as a tool to expand FDIC insurance coverage and to reduce liquidity risk from runs. Through thirdparty reciprocal deposit network sponsors, such as IntraFi and others, banks swap customer deposits with one another to keep the amount in each account at or below $250,000. This makes it possible for a bank customer to hold tens of millions of dollars in insured accounts with a single relationship bank. "

"  Since private lenders are connected to the rest of the financial system through funding arrangements and shared credit exposure, their distress could propagate rapidly. The lack of data about private lenders’ portfolio risk and leverage may obscure or worsen vulnerabilities in the financial system"

" Vulnerabilities associated with stablecoins remain elevated. Issuers of the dominant stablecoins continue to invest a material fraction of their reserves in illiquid or volatile assets. For example, as of June 30, 2024, more than 12% of the assets that support Tether’s value were in Bitcoin, precious metals, and secured loans"

XTOD:  What makes superstars so powerful:- Can't substitute quality  (10 bad phones ≠ 1 iPhone)

- Innovation a public good - everyone uses the best ideas

- Top talent leveraged and clusters 

Result: Winner takes all (Rosen (1981, 1982)). POST LINK https://siliconcontinent.com/p/it-is-all-about-the-superstars....If you look beyond tech giants. US economy isn't that special: - Banking? Worse than EU - Insurance? Worse - Manufacturing? EU growing faster  But superstars change everything. 5 tech firms spend 2x more on R&D than entire EU public sector.

XTOD: Howard Marks' interview with Bloomberg just dropped: 

- Be less aggressive, but don't exit the market. Nobody can time the market. Instead, calibrate your behavior between aggressiveness and defensiveness.  

- You can be right about the events but wrong about how the markets react.  There are many speculations about the new administration, but the truth is, nobody knows how it will play out.  

- He doesn't think things are crazy high now and doesn't believe it is time to get out of the market.  

- China is trying to calibrate the right amount of stimulus. They're wary of overshooting.  

- Howard Marks sees the Chinese market as a bargain right now.   

- The problem with the property surplus will take time to be absorbed. It doesn't just disappear with new policies. He believes the government will do what it takes to digest these excess properties and implement policies to prevent this from happening again.   

- When people say China is uninvestable, it becomes music to their ears.

XTOD: Archegos founder Bill Hwang was ordered to spend 18 years in prison for fraud and market manipulation tied to the stunning 2021 collapse of his $36 billion family office, capping a case that riveted Wall Street.

XTOD: 10 observations about Michael Jordan and Kobe Bryant —from their trainer: 

1.  Everyone wanted to be like Mike. Mike did not want to be like anyone else.

2.  Stop adding. Start deleting. 

3.  Their minds were stronger than their feelings.

4.  You can't buy a map to the top.

5.  Motivation is entry level.

6.  They didn't allow themselves to be told what to think.

7.  If you can't master the fundamentals, you can't master anything else.

8.  They each possessed an unshakable confidence in themselves that never wavered.  

9.  When you're giving everything you have, making every sacrifice, and devoting every part of your life to winning, it's hard to tolerate anyone in your circle who isn't doing the same.

10.  The greats figure out what works for them, regardless of what everyone else does.

Daily Economic Update: October 23, 2024

Yesterday was a bad day for McDonald's quarter-pounders and to have formerly headed Abercrombie and Fitch.  Second straight red day for equities.  Gold has now returned almost as much as the S&P over the last 12 months, which is kind of insane to think about.  In an essentially no data day, the IMF did revise up their forecast for 2025 U.S. GDP growth to 2.8%.  Nevertheless we couldn't make it a day without more warnings about the U.S. fiscal situation, this time from Paul Tudor Jones, who invoked his fear of a "Minsky moment" as it realates to a sudden recognition that the fiscal situation is "impossible".  

If you're not familiar with Hyman Minsky, I had recently summarized his "financial instability hypothesis" for someone as "calm plants seeds of crazy - you assume good news is permanent, are oblivious to bad news, ignore bad news, deny bad news, then panic at bad news, believe bad news is permanent, and ultimately repeat the cycle in the opposite direction.  Hyman Minsky thought the idea of eradicating recessions was nonsense - thus his financial instability hypothesis."

The term "minsky moment" was coined by PIMCO's Paul McCulley back during the Asian financial crisis, to refer to the tipping point in the economic cycle, often when "apparent stability begest ever-riskier debt arrangements, which further begat asset price bubbles. And then the bubbles burst, in something I dubbed a "Minsky moment."  In general the Minsky moment progresses in a forward fashion through three debt units:

“hedge” financing units, in which the buyer’s cash flows cover interest and principal

payments; “speculative” finance units, in which cash flows cover only interest

payments; and “Ponzi” units, in which cash flows cover neither and depend on rising

asset prices to keep the buyer afloat."

Once the moment occurs, it all works in reverse, with falling asset prices, higher risk premiums, lower leverage and economic contraction. How close is the U.S. sovereign to experience such a moment, I don't know?  I would venture to guess advocates of MMT would vehemently disagree with all this rhetoric.  If you're unfamiliar with MMT you can read my post here.

In other news, Howard Marks dropped his latest memo "Ruminating on Asset Allocation".  My takeaways:

• In a world where there are so many asset classes, his ephiphany of late is that "at bottom, there are only two asset classes: ownership and debt"
• It's an enormous difference to own vs. to lend.  Owners have no promise of return, lenders have a contractual "fixed outcome" assuming the borrower makes good.
• Choosing between the two is the most basic thing investors must decide.
• To anchor the decision, Marks' says you must first indentify a "risk posture", how much emphasis you want on preserving (defense) vs. growing capital (offense).  Calling this preservation vs. growth, mutually exclusive and a "inescapable truth in investing."
• The absolute level of risk must be conciously targeted and the level of risk in the portfolio must be well compensated.
• A higher expected return with further upside potential, at the cost of greater uncertainty, volatility, and downside risk? Or a more dependable but lower expected return, entailing less upside and less downside? The choice between the two is subjective, largely a function of the investor’s circumstances and attitude toward bearing risk. That means the answer will be different for different investors.
• Even after investors determine their "normal risk posture", they face a choice: they can maintain that posture all the time or deviate on occassions of market attractiveness.
• As "risk" incrases, not only do expected returns increase, but the range of possible outcomes becomes wider and bad outcomes become worse.
• "All ways of getting to a certain risk level will produce the same expected return."  There are no free lunches, in theory.  However, Marks' states "in reality, markets are not efficient in the academic sense of always being "right" and gains can be acheived through skill.
• He believes that it's difficult to advocate for investors to depart from their "sweet spot" in terms of risk level because many managers who are believed to possess alpha turn out not to.
• He concludes with a quick plug for investors to conisder the certain of allocations to credit at current levels, which he sees as returns of 7-10% (likely only obtainable in high-yield in private credit in my estimation)

Both Marks' memo and even thinking about "Minsky moments" are in someways still connected to what have been somewhat themes for the week. At a high level those themes are maintaining a level of intellectual humility and thinking about risk in the context of return goals. In the terms of Marks' memo their "offense/defense balance. For each individual or institution, this decision should be informed by the investor’s investment horizon, financial condition, income, needs, aspirations, responsibilities, and, crucially, intestinal fortitude, or their ability to stomach ups and downs."

On the day ahead it's home sales, Fed Beige Book and Canada eh?

XTOD: The Intelligent Investor newsletter.  https://createsend.com/t/d-8876921A5A4BB3532540EF23F30FEDED   Happy Ben Graham day, everyone!

XTOD: First Druckenmiller (the GOAT) and now PTJ…“All roads lead to inflation. I’m long gold. I’m long Bitcoin” - Paul Tudor Jones  Incredible how far Bitcoin has come.

XTOD: JPM Asset Management's chief global strategist David Kelly was asked at a reporter roundtable about risks to his current forecast.  He gave some great evergreen investing advice.

1.) It's always the risk no one talks about.

2.) Zoom out. It likely won't matter in the long run.

XTOD: Remember! pessimist sounds smart but optimist  makes money   Geo-political instability is temporary but commerce is the fundamental backbone of civilization  FII selling, Inflation, Recession all are expensive distractions for long term investors

XTOD: “The most valuable personal finance asset is not needing to impress anyone.”  — Morgan Housel

https://x.com/jasonzweigwsj/status/1848741927350374898

https://x.com/Geiger_Capital/status/1848739824531841456

https://x.com/_JoshSchafer/status/1848450188844888186

https://x.com/CivEngg_Adarsh/status/1847932541803577597

https://x.com/MoneyWisdom_/status/1848687915120853007

Daily Economic Update: May 9, 2024

Yesterday the Swedish central bank cut their benchmark rate by 25bps to 3.75% in what some believe will be the first of many developed country central banks to cut rates this year.  On the day ahead we'll get the Bank of England rated decision, they are not expected to cut rates.  

Stateside, the large 10Y Treasury Auction tailed by a full basis point, the 13th of the last 15th auction to tail, perhaps showing that the market appetite for longer dated treasury paper has some fragility, but we'll see what the 30Y auction does today.  In Fedspeak, it's been more of the same kind of data dependent talk that everyone has become accustomed to of late.  Yields rose a couple of bps and stock grinded out another day of gains on the Dow and was nearly flat on S&P.

In other news Howard Marks dropped his latest memo titled The Impact of Debt.  It is his second "short" memo, following up on his last memo which I reviewed here. Readers will know I enjoy Marks' work and have covered some of his other recent memos here and here.  Perhaps my favorite Marks' quote is "Leverage doesn’t add value or make an investment better. Like everything else in the investment world other than pure skill, leverage is a two-edged sword – in fact, probably the ultimate two-edged sword. It helps when you’re right and hurts when you’re wrong."  

In this most recent memo Marks' reference the work of someone else I very much enjoy reading, Morgan Housel.  Here are some takeaways:

• "It's the presence of debt that creates the possibility of default, foreclosure, and bankruptcy."
  
  
  
• "Does that mean debt is a bad thing and should be avoided? Absolutely not. Rather, it’s a matter of whether the amount of debt is appropriate relative to (a) the size of the overall enterprise and (b) the potential for fluctuations in the enterprise’s profitability and asset value."
•  This reminds me and reminded Marks of one of my favorite Marks' memos https://www.oaktreecapital.com/docs/default-source/memos/2008-12-17-volatility-leverage-dynamite.pdf?sfvrsn=c7bc0f65_2
  
  
  
• "As Housel puts it, “ as debt increases, you narrow the range of outcomes you can endure in life.”
  
  
• The reason for taking on debt is simple, it's cheaper than equity, allows you to 'bet' more and when you're right you end up winning more.
• Of course when you're wrong you lose more...
  
  
• And this is where Marks' makes his mark in the memo: "But levered portfolios face a downside risk to which there isn’t a corresponding upside: the risk of ruin. The most important adage regarding leverage reminds us to “never forget the six-foot-tall person who drowned crossing the stream that was five feet deep on average.” To survive, you have to get through the low points, and the more leverage you carry (everything else being equal), the less likely you are to do so. "
  
  
• And in referencing Housel referencing Taleb, Marks' provides "It’s the isolated “tail events” that saddle levered investors with the greatest losses" and "One is thus capable of unwittingly playing Russian roulette – and calling it by some alternative “low risk” name. " and " as illustrated by recent events, we rarely consider outcomes that have happened only once a century . . . or never."
  
  
• So where does that leave things with regards to Marks' views on using leverage:
• "investors should usually use less than the maximum available. Successful investments, perhaps enhanced by the moderate use of leverage, should usually provide a good-enough return – something few people think about in good times."
• The risker the asset, the less leverage you should use and
• Adhere to Buffett's "Margin of Safety"

What's "Margin of Safety", there are many good definitions you can find that I've written on this blog, but I think this sums it up: think creatively and be open to things unfolding in ways different from what they expect....flexibility comes with a cost....retain the option to change course when our plans go awry and have the humility to follow through. 

On the day ahead it's BoE, jobless claims and 30Y Auction.

XTOD: There are many people here with serious gifts and talents—intelligent, witty, thoughtful—and those talents constitute a great power. Unfortunately, most choose to use that power in stupid and/or dangerous ways: the sharp-tongued pundit on here wreaking insecure havoc on everyone that disagrees with him in the slightest way; or the amount of time and energy thinking of funny memes for cheap engagement.

I often imagine what good is being lost to the world—what great good could be added to the world—if these same people used those gifts and talents, that power, to build others up and do something productive. 

What books will never be written?

What genuine words will never be said?

What time and attention is not given to a spouse that is given to a social media critic?

XTOD: If you do things you don’t enjoy for long enough without understanding why you’re doing them, you develop the bad habit of doing things you don’t enjoy without understanding why you’re doing them. And you end up with a lot of people who are miserable at work.

XTOD: Want to understand what's going on in the commercial real estate market right now, especially office properties?  Watch what's happening with 1440 Broadway.  The $400 million loan backing 1440 Broadway helped push up the serious delinquency rate for office loans to 7% in April, its highest level since early 2017,  https://bloomberg.com/news/articles/

XTOD: What I want 2 understand is where all the ratings agencies downgrades are. Crickets. Even CRE CLOS-- where the losses to the AAAs stand a real chance of repeating the 2008  meltdown that saw Our Heroes taking the "First." They LITERALLY claimed a 1st Amendment pass to avoid suits

XTOD: DavidBeckworth

𝘔𝘺 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘮𝘱𝘵 𝘵𝘰 𝘊𝘭𝘢𝘶𝘥𝘦 𝘈𝘐: can you imagine a world where the combination of (1) big data and (2) AI enables the Federal Reserve to become more automated and less reliant on human beings? 

@pmarca

 𝘊𝘭𝘢𝘶𝘥𝘦 𝘈𝘐 𝘙𝘦𝘴𝘱𝘰𝘯𝘦:

Yes, I can envision a world where the combination of big data and advanced AI technologies enable the Federal Reserve's decision-making processes to become more automated and less reliant on human input. Here's how this scenario could potentially unfold:  

𝗕𝗶𝗴 𝗗𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗴𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: The Federal Reserve could leverage big data analytics to integrate vast amounts of economic data from various sources, including financial markets, banking systems, employment statistics, consumer spending patterns, and global economic indicators. This comprehensive data integration would provide a real-time, holistic view of the economic landscape.

𝐀𝐈-𝐃𝐫𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐌𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠: Powerful AI algorithms and machine learning models could be trained on this extensive data to analyze economic trends, identify patterns, and make accurate forecasts about inflation, employment, economic growth, and other key indicators. These AI models could continuously learn and adapt, improving their predictive capabilities over time.

𝐀𝐮𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐏𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐲 𝐃𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬: Based on the insights derived from AI-driven modeling and forecasting, the Federal Reserve's decision-making processes related to monetary policy, interest rate adjustments, and other interventions could become increasingly automated. AI systems could recommend optimal policy decisions based on predefined objectives and constraints, minimizing the need for human deliberation and decision-making.

𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐮𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐌𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐀𝐝𝐣𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭: With real-time data feeds and AI-driven monitoring, the Federal Reserve's policies and interventions could be continuously evaluated and adjusted based on changing economic conditions. AI systems could dynamically adapt policies to maintain economic stability, without the delays associated with human decision-making processes.

𝐑𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐞𝐝 𝐇𝐮𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐯𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭: While human oversight and governance would likely still be necessary to some extent, the day-to-day operations and decision-making processes of the Federal Reserve could become significantly less reliant on human input. AI systems could handle the bulk of data analysis, modeling, forecasting, and policy recommendations, with human expertise focused on setting overarching objectives and ensuring the system's integrity.

However, it's important to note that such a scenario would also raise concerns about transparency, accountability, and the potential for unintended consequences or biases inherent in AI systems. Careful governance frameworks, ethical considerations, and robust monitoring mechanisms would need to be in place to ensure the responsible and trustworthy deployment of such AI-driven systems in critical economic domains like central banking.

Daily Economic Update: April 18, 2024

Another down day for equities as bets on rate cuts continue to get pushed out further into the future, with some strategist now pushing cuts out to 2025 and some bank strategist at UBS warning that the Fed may need to raise fed Funds to 6.5% by mid-next year.  Despite that sentiment, yields managed to fall and the 20Y Treasury auction was solid.  The 2Y is 4.93% and the 10Y is 4.59%.

In a Substack Note, Economist Brad DeLong, characterized what he sees as the current sub-era of post-GFC monetary policy as "waiting for a shoe- any shoe to drop".  He goes on to say that the Fed's current willingness to see long-term real interest rates rise as a sign that the Federal Reserve has:

"reached two conclusions: 

1. It no longer believes that considerations as to what it thinks r* is can guide monetary policy and its adjustment. 

2. The major risk is not a deep recession and a return to the zero interest-rate lower bound, but rather some sort of rebound in inflation and a consequent de-anchoring of inflation expectations."

Maybe it all comes down to R-Star.   Back on August 23, 2023, I mentioned Knut Wicksell's theory that while you could not see the natural rate, you could see the impact of policies that kept rates above or below this rate by looking at trend growth rates.

Away from Fed land, Howard Mark's had his latest letter published yesterday titled, 'The Indispensability of Risk' .  If you read this blog you can check out my summary on Mark's previous memo here.

As for the current memo it is based on the role of sacrifice in chess, as highlighted recently in a recent WSJ article, and how that can be applied to the world of investing.

• In chess sacrificing a piece can serve one of two purposes: (1) a "sham" sacrifice -  when one gives up a piece in order to obtain a concrete benefit that can be calculated and (2) "real" sacrifice - when giving up a piece provides no immediate or tangible benefit but may offer some strategic benefit.
  
  
• "The analogy to investing begins to become clear. Buying a 10-year U.S. Treasury note is a modest or “sham” sacrifice. You give up the use of your money for ten years, but that’s only an opportunity cost, and accepting it brings the certainty of interest income. Most other investments involve real sacrifices, though, where the risk of loss is borne in pursuit of “gains that are neither immediate nor tangible.”
  
  
• In chess players often intuit the level of risk and have to decide if making a risky move is worth it.
  
  
• In investing "Because the future is inherently uncertain, we usually have to choose between (a) avoiding risk and having little or no return, (b) taking a modest risk and settling for a commensurately modest return, or (c) taking on a high degree of uncertainty in pursuit of substantial gain but accepting the possibility of substantial permanent loss."
  
  
• While most investors understand that earning high returns, both in absolute and relative terms, requires bearing meaningful risk, they may take for granted that "The risk inherent in not taking enough risk is very real. Individual investors who eschew risk may end up with a return that is insufficient to support their cost of living."
  
  
• "There’s such a thing as the risk of taking too little risk. Most people understand this intellectually, but human nature makes it hard for many to accept the idea that the willingness to live with some losses is an essential ingredient in investment success."
  
  
• "You have to take a shot. Not every effort will be rewarded with high returns, but hopefully enough will do so to produce success over the long term. That success will ultimately be a function of the ratio of winners to losers, and of the magnitude of the losses relative to the gains. But refusal to take risk in this process is unlikely to get you where you want to go."

I know Mark's is a big Buffett fan and reference's what he sees as the basis for the success of Berkshire in this latest letter, but perhaps the memo is just another way of stating what Buffett recently summed up in the last Berkshire Hathaway annual letter:

"One investment rule at Berkshire has not and will not change: Never risk permanent loss of capital. Thanks to the American tailwind and the power of compound interest, the arena in which we operate has been – and will be – rewarding if you make a couple of good decisions during a lifetime and avoid serious mistakes."

Remember optimism and taking risk is not incongruent with "Margin of Safety".

XTOD: Sebastian Steudtner, a German pro surfer, rode a wave over 115 feet tall at Nazare, Portugal, a record breaking surf!

XTOD: How bad is  @CathieDWood  ? Over the last 5 years she has now returned -7% in $ARKK she trails the $SPX by 88% and $COMP by 107% respectively. Maybe think twice about shoving her face on TV again.

XTOD: Economics is an ecosystem and I love most or perhaps even all of it. Theorists. Empiricists. Government statisticians. Ivory tower academics. In the trenches think tankers. Investment bank economists. Government economists. Tweeters. And many more I didn't mention.

XTOD: Bank of England policy maker Megan Greene said developed economies including the UK face a “bumpy ride” as central banks squeeze out the final effects of the global inflation shock

XTOD: Clarity comes from cutting out the clutter.  Pinpoint your focus, relentlessly eliminate noise, and watch productivity soar.

XTOD: Tony Robbins believes that, in a lowered emotional state, we only see the problems, not solutions.   Let’s say you wake up feeling tired and overwhelmed. You sit down to brainstorm strategies to solve your issues, but it comes to naught, and you feel even worse afterward. This is because you started in a negative state, then attempted strategy but didn’t succeed (due to tunnel vision on the problems), and then likely told yourself self-defeating stories (e.g., “I always do this. Why am I so wound up I can’t even think straight?”).   To fix this, he encourages you to “prime” your state first. The biochemistry will help you proactively tell yourself an enabling story. Only then do you think on strategy, as you’ll see the options instead of dead ends.  “Priming” my state is often as simple as doing 5 to 10 push-ups or getting 20 minutes of sun exposure.  I often ask myself, “Is this really a problem I need to think my way out of? Or is it possible I just need to fix my biochemistry?” I’ve wasted a lot of time journaling on “problems” when I just needed to eat breakfast sooner, do 10 push-ups, or get an extra hour of sleep.  Sometimes, you think you have to figure out your life’s purpose, but you really just need some macadamia nuts and a cold fucking shower.

XTOD: In a world loud with information, mute the unnecessary.  Pinpointing the essential is a superpower.

 

Daily Economic Update: September 16, 2024

FOMC week is upon us.  People are seemingly up in arms that there is true uncertainty around whether the Fed will cut 25 or 50bps. Is this the slow end of a form of "forward guidance"?  There's still a chance that Nikileaks puts out another piece cementing either 25 or 50 ahead of the Wednesday decision.   Anyway it's a big central bank week with Fed, BoE and BoJ. The 2Y is 3.57% and the 10Y is 3.65%.

Where do things stand (economically speaking) going into the meeting?  Well I think that very much depends on your narrative, but one thing we can probably all agree on is our economy is currently doing better than China's where stocks and bond yields are hitting new lows and even there manipulated data doesn't look great.  Stateside, last week ended with stocks on a 5 day winning streak and are back near all-time highs. The UofM sentiment was above expectations and at a 4 month high.  The survey showed a continued decline in inflation expecations 1 year out, but showed an increase in inflation expectations in the 5-10 year horizon.  Of course, it's largely a survey about politics and gas prices, so who knows what it means. 

Whatever the news flow, your time is still better spent reading this summary of Howard Marks recent video "How to think about risk" (you should watch the video).  

Or, reading this article, "False Profits" from Jason Zweig about often promoted trading strategies. 

Or, watching all the episodes of Industry while reading Matt Levine talk about investment bank analyst hours being a "floor, not a cap" which formerly "was “it’s about 100 hours a week, unless you need to work more,” and the new standard is “it’s 80 hours a week, unless you need to work more” and how AI will potentially be "making junior bankers’ lives easier in the short term, but undermining their development in the long term: They won’t learn, at a deep level, what drives returns on an LBO, because the AI does all the math for them. The apprenticeship model will break down."

Outside of the financial news there was another Trump assassination attempt, which is an apt reminder of risks in general and about election risk in the specific. 

On the week ahead: 

Mon: Empire St. Mfg survey

Tue: Retail Sales, Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization

Wed: Building Permits, Housing Starts and FOMC

Thu: BoE, jobless claims, existing home sales

Fri: BoJ

XTOD: Cashier at trader Joe's asked me what I do (I leave it at finance), and then asked if he should buy calls ahead of the rate cut.

XTOD: I get it that people lost money betting into the blackout period only to get rug pulled under their feet by Timmy, but I think this is a better place for FOMC. I don’t really get all the talk about them having absolutely to guide more to shift the odds of 25 bp or 50 bp into certainty. 

They probably have odds exactly where they want them and they will now turn a decision that was fully priced into one that will carry a signal. 

They will either out-dove or out-hawk the 50% and in that their decision carries important signaling vs being just a fully priced ritual where everyone second guesses small language tweaks. 

I hope this is a structural shift in their communication going forward. Market needs to be kept on it’s toes.

XTOD: 7/ On risk management grounds, a half point cut is easy to correct for if inflation stays stubborn or the economy takes off; just don't cut again. A quarter point cut is harder to correct for if real data weaken further; it leaves the Fed further behind the curve.  8/ Probably the best argument for a quarter vs half is that when the Fed starts a new cycle, it usually starts small, because it likes the optionality a drawn-out series of small moves provides. (Brainard principle: when uncertain, move slowly.)

XTOD: The short-term crowd is always too distracted to notice the long-term crowd slowly compounding.   An investor obsessing over daily economic data misses the big picture. A teenager chasing fleeting popularity neglects to develop genuine interests and skills. A co-worker stops paying attention to the details to chase attention. All chase false stimuli at the cost of lasting value.  

Never try to win the moment at the expense of the decade.

XTOD: The need for certainty is the greatest disease the mind faces.

XTOD: There are a thousand different ways that you can "find a niche" and exploit it to make a ton of money, and yet not get any closer to living out your calling

Daily Economic Update: July 19, 2024

 A tough day for stocks as megacap tech stocks lead loses again, but yesterday saw selling across sectors including small-caps.  How much is "profit taking", how much is [insert some narrative here].   The economic data was mixed, with jobless claims rising more than expected, but some noise due to the Hurricane Beryl.  The Philly Fed was better than expected and showed the prices paid component cooling.  As expected the ECB was on hold and really not noteworthy (at least to me).  Other than that everyone is subscribed to Netflix.   

Price action saw stocks down, dollar up and yields rising.  The 2Y is 4.47% and the 10Y is 4.20%.   Refer to Howard Marks peice yesterday as to why the correct answer to why things move the way they move in financial markets is "I don't know."  And that answer is even more true when you mix in politics and potential economic policies domestically and globally.

It's a summer Friday with no data of importance, but analysis of Trump's speech and speculation around Biden dropping out will likely dominate the news flow.

XTOD: Here's my current portfolio:

35% Stegosaurus

30% Velociraptor

15% T Rex

5% That sunflower-looking dinosaur that kills Newman in Jurassic Park

15% Bitcoin

Am I diversified?  https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GSxklP3XUAAE7U6?format=png&name=small

XTOD: Mortgage delinquency in the Black Knight series surges 13% M-O-M marking the largest M-O-M increase since April of 2020  

What does this say about the consumer?

XTOD: After a high dose of psilocybin, the brain desynchronizes at a massive scale, causing loss of our sense of self, time, and space. This may drive the burst of plasticity caused by psychedelics. The next day, brain activity has largely returned to normal, but an echo remains – a reset of circuits critical to the sense of self.  Our study is out today in  @Nature

 https://nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07624-5

XTOD: "Envy is inversely correlated with self-examination. The less you know yourself, the more you look to others to get an idea of your worth."

XTOD:  Some projects benefit from early action. If you're writing a book, it's easy to spend a lot of time brainstorming titles and dreaming up an outline, but it's better to simply write. The book discovers itself as you go. Yes, you'll need to go back and organize things, but this is easier to do once you have material. The key is to act first and then organize your thinking.

Other projects benefit from early planning. The best way to build a skyscraper is to plan carefully. If you start placing steel beams on day one, you're guaranteed to run into problems. It is harder to make changes once you've begun. You'll need to tear it down and start over again. The key is to organize your thinking and then act.

Do you need early action or early planning?

Daily Economic Update: March 7, 2025

Queue Chris Tucker

Ignore the CNBC Market Sell-Off banner, sip your favorite tariffed tequila, buy a U.S. manufactured car - because it’s Friday and you ain’t got no job and you ain’t got shit to do.  

Jobs Day in ‘merica! Estimates peg +160K, unemployment at 4%, with X buzzing about weather rebounds and fed layoffs (DOGE’d or not). Challenger’s 172K layoffs—highest since ’09—scream recession, but weekly claims yawned.   Challenger job cuts this high tend to correlate with recessions, will this time be different?

What’s the French word for “Stagflation”

Our friends across the pond at the ECB cut 25bps as expected, citing slower growth estimates and uncertainty. What is the economic term when you have negative growth and rising inflation - Comment dit-on stagflation?  Anyway, -0.9% GDP growth with 2.3% inflation forecast for 2025…spells “baisses de taux” I guess.

In case you were wondering, they will remain “data dependent”. Nothing beats a “meaningfully less restrictive” policy stance while revising up your 2025 inflation forecast to 2.3% - whatever, long and variable lags, expectations, pick your catch phrase.

Don’t worry, Fed Governor Waller is in no mood to cut rates at the upcoming Fed meeting. He could still see two cuts later this year, but he’s data and the “t” word dependent.

With central bankers seemingly clueless, perhaps we need wisdom from one of the world’s greatest investors.

Ooh, a storm is threatening My very life today If I don't get some shelter Ooh yeah, I'm gonna fade away

While markets puke, the legendary Howard Marks dropped his latest memo, Gimme Credit, presumably a pun on the Rolling Stones hit Gimme Shelter. For Marks, credit’s your shelter when equities’ P/Es are drunk at current levels. 

A big takeaway from the memo is that current expected returns on credit are much better than what the expected return from equities has historically been when P/E’s are at current levels.  Marks also rebukes the concerns over spreads being historically narrow, saying: “The bottom line for me – as I tell anyone who asks – is that you can’t eat spread, or spend spread, or pay pension benefits with spread. For those things, you need returns. Spreads have to be assessed to ensure they’ll be adequate to offset credit losses, but in the end, it’s the total return that matters.”  Despite Marks speaking to the benefits of credit and private credit, he doesn’t dismiss the risk inherent in the rapidly growing private credit market.  For me, Marks is one of the best minds in thinking about risk and asset allocations.  In this memo, he references two of his recent memos, On Bubble Watch and Ruminating on Asset Allocation, which you can read my commentary about here and here respectively.

I gave up tariffs for Lent - so only econ data on the look ahead

I’ve written ‘tariff’ 100x this year—so for Lent, I’m giving it up. This Friday, we’ll just focus on Jobs data and whatever the man in the Orange Hat says (aka J-Pow, aka the Orange Powell Ranger)

We go into this Jobs Friday with S&P down at 5,720 - those darn globalists. The 2Y yield at 3.97% and the 10Y yield at 4.29%, where will things end if data is a bad miss vs. a big beat?

XTOD: Challenger Gray report: U.S.-based employers announced 172,017 job cuts in February, the highest total for the month since 2009 and the highest monthly total since July 2020 when 262,649 cuts were announced

XTOD: Tuesday: Trump slaps 25% tariffs on Mexico and Canada

Wednesday: Trump exempts the auto industry

Thursday am: Trump exempts most Mexican imports

Thursday pm: Trump exempts most Canadian imports (though he still insults Canadian PM)

Meanwhile... Trump says more tariffs coming April 2.

This kind of whiplash is damaging to the economy. How can anyone plan? Or even understand what the real goal is here?

XTOD: The stock market is down but at least everything is more expensive and services are getting shittier. On the other hand we have more measles. To be fair, they are finally delivering the reductions in FAA and National Parks staff that people have been demanding.

XTOD: Let's call it how it is in terms of a scorecard. Since inauguration, SPX is down 4% and China FXI up 24%. Worse, the most prominent stocks i.e. "market generals": $NVDA down 22% and $BABA up 71%. Perhaps someone should explain to the President why (Masa Son, Tepper, Cook? )

XTOD: What you push down doesn’t vanish. It festers and wields quiet power over your thoughts and actions.  What needs to be addressed that isn’t currently being addressed?

https://x.com/NickTimiraos/status/1897633379824136347

https://x.com/byHeatherLong/status/1897745796432642417

https://x.com/brianschatz/status/1897715279805006096

https://x.com/NewsLambert/status/1897703602291949821

https://x.com/JamesClear/status/1897754488309702704

FOMC Recap: FOMC Trade Deadline Edition

• The Fed held their policy rate target range at 5.25% to 5.50% as expected
• The FOMC Statement made changes to indicate a moderation in the employment picture and a slowing in the inflation picture. Noting that they are attentive to risks to both sides of their dual mandate.
• Powell said the FOMC does not making policy decisions based on an outcome of elections that haven't happened yet.

With the MLB trade deadline passing on Tuesday, the FOMC faced their own decision deadline today. Like MLB GM's, FOMC officials know the importance of making decisions with their goals in mind.  In the case of a MLB GM the pinnacle goal is winning the World Series.  For the Fed the pinnacle goals are low and stable inflation, maximum employment and moderate long-term interest rates, or more generally stated, fostering economic health.  

Every FOMC meeting is like the MLB trade deadline.  Just as MLB GM's need to decide whether to add or subtract to small parts of their roster or to wholesale change direction, the FOMC needs to decide what to add or remove from their statement, whether to do more or less of something they are currently doing with their policy tools, or in times of crisis deciding to do something they've never done before.  Like MLB GM's and all of us, the FOMC is making their decisions with their goals in mind, trying to face reality as it is, and prudently balancing going for it now against the risk of harming the future.  MLB GM's and FOMC officials face the added task of communicating their decisions to the public in a way that manages expectations.

There is often a realization that what got the team to where they are today won't get them to where they want to be, that when things stop evolving they stop compounding.  Every coach and manager knows that small decisions can lead to big results, especially when those decisions lead to actions that are able to use time to compound (long and variable lags anyone?).  They also know that bad decisions can compound in a negative way.  

While MLB executives would like to believe they have one goal or priority, which is winning a championship, the reality for some (most) franchises is they have a dual or multiple mandates, like the FOMC, and have to balance competing priorities that can often be in tension.  In many cases we have to prioritize one goal over another.  In the words of Greg McKeown:

"The word priority came into the English language in the 1400s. It was singular. It meant the very first or prior thing. It stayed singular for the next five hundred years. Only in the 1900s did we pluralize the term and start talking about priorities."

Further it was once written (you can find it, but I won't bias it):

"No one can serve two masters. Either you will hate the one and love the other, or you will be devoted to the one and despise the other. " 

I'm no Fed sympathizer, but the decisions the Fed has to make are hard. The decisions we all make are made under uncertainty and hard.

The decision by the FOMC today to make statement changes reflects the reality of the recent economic data they have consumed since the last meeting.  By not making any change to the policy rate today, the committee feels that progress toward their goals remains on a path they find acceptable.

It's hard to know exactly what questions the committee asked themselves as they made their decisions, but hopefully they collectively reached their decision based on their honest assessment of the state of the economy, without interference of political or external pressures, in a state where they were less concerned with their personal futures, uninfluenced by past criticisms, and more concerned with recognizing their decisions impact a complex ecosystem and need to be made with an eye toward protecting the people from undue harm from their decisions.  That is probably good a lens to make any decision (you can find many of these principles embedded in Charlie Munger's investment decision making).

The modern world loves to cling to a belief that everything can be controlled. There is probably a hefty "illusion of control" we place in the Fed, despite the fact that macro-forecasting is impossible (see Howard Mark's last memo).  Perhaps Powell said it best today:

"Certainty is not a word we have in our business".

Rather than be anxious to find certainty from the FOMC, perhaps we should rejoice that it is uncertainty that sets us free.  The best we can hope for out of the Fed is sound decision making guided by principled questions.

Daily Economic Update: September 18, 2024

FOMC day is upon us all, WWPD?  We'll see what the Powell Rangers are up to later this afternoon.  The focus will clearly be on whether the cut is 25bps or 50bps and secondarily on "the Dots".  The rest will be about how they discuss "risk management" and perhaps even a nod to r* estimates.  We'll know more in a few hours.  I'm sure there might also be a question or two around cutting rates ahead of the election thrown in there. 

So retail sales coming in better than expected and really showing no major weakness.  The headline retail sales rose 0.1% MoM against an expectation of a decline of 0.2%, while the "core" (ex autos, gaso, and building materials) rose 0.3% matching expectations.  Nonetheless, the most important retail sales print of your lifetime apparently settled nothing in the Fed rate cut debate. The new narrative is that whatever decision the Fed makes around 25 or 50 that there will be some dissent.

Away from retail sales, industrail production beat expectations, rising much more than forecast helped by motor vehicle assemblies.  Following both data releases the Atlanta Fed GDP now is estimating 3% real GDP for Q3, up from 2.5%.  That certainly doesn't scream recession, but who knows.

Then there's the possibility of war between Isreal and Hezbollah following the alleged Isreali attack on Hezbollah pagers yesterday which reportedly injured 4,000.

As we had into the FOMC decision we have stocks at/near all-time highs, a 10Y ~3.65% and a 2Y ~3.60%.  

XTOD: 14 months since last @federalreserve  rate hike. Longest in history was 15 months into the eye of the Great Recession.

XTOD: The Fed faces a finely balanced set of considerations over whether to cut by 25 or 50 basis points at its meeting that begins today.   The case for 50 comes down to what Fed officials call risk management but what might be thought of as regret minimization. Per former Dallas Fed President Rob Kaplan, if you cut 50 here and you think the Fed will need to cut again after that, you are unlikely to regret such a cut even if the economy chugs along between now and your next meeting. But if you cut 25 and things worsen a lot in the coming weeks, you'll feel bigger regret as you'll be behind the curve. 

The case for 25 boils down to some combination of 1) process issues (i.e., 50 will signal something more urgent; there's an election soon; communications were not explicit enough about 50 in the run-up to this meeting), 2) a view that the economy is doing just fine and will continue to do so with more gradual reductions, and 3) that because financial conditions are easy (in part because markets expect the Fed to deliver a string of cuts), igniting risk assets could make it harder to finish the inflation fight. 

There is a gift link to the full article here:

 https://wsj.com/economy/central-banking/fed-interest-rate-cut-size-79a238ca?st=QvUaSC&reflink=desktopwebshare_permalink

XTOD: A Major Incident has happened this morning across Lebanon, leaving between 1,500 and 2,000 Senior Members of Hezbollah and other Iranian-Linked Individuals in Critical Condition, following some kind of Hack causing Encrypted Pagers used by the Organization to all Simultaneously Explode.

XTOD: "Too much capital availability makes money flow to the wrong places."  — Howard Marks

XTOD: The key to compounding is to get started.

XTOD: You don't have to be special to be successful.    Ordinary people can do extraordinary things by choosing to be what most people are unwilling to be: consistent, hardworking, patient, and determined.  Simple, but not easy.

XTOD: As you get older, you’ll realize that a $30,000 watch and a $30 watch both tell the same time.

A Gucci wallet and a Target wallet hold the same amount of money.

A $10,000,000 house and a $100,000 house host the same loneliness.

A Ford will also drive you as far as a Bentley.

True happiness is not found in materialistic things, it comes from the love and laughter found with each other.

Stay humble… the holes dug for us in the ground are all the same size.